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Mildronate Dihydrate: Enhancing Physical Performance
In the world of sports, athletes are constantly seeking ways to improve their performance and gain a competitive edge. While training, nutrition, and genetics play a significant role, the use of performance-enhancing substances has also become a common practice. One such substance that has gained attention in recent years is mildronate dihydrate.
What is Mildronate Dihydrate?
Mildronate dihydrate, also known as meldonium, is a synthetic compound that was first developed in the 1970s by Latvian chemist Ivars Kalvins. It was initially used as a treatment for heart conditions, but its potential to enhance physical performance was discovered in the 2000s. It gained widespread attention when Russian tennis player Maria Sharapova tested positive for the substance in 2016.
Mildronate dihydrate is classified as a metabolic modulator and is not approved for use in the United States. However, it is widely available in Eastern Europe and is used by athletes in various sports, including cycling, ice hockey, and track and field.
How Does Mildronate Dihydrate Work?
Mildronate dihydrate works by increasing the body’s production of carnitine, a compound that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism. It also has antioxidant properties and can improve blood flow, which can enhance oxygen delivery to muscles during physical activity.
Studies have shown that mildronate dihydrate can improve physical performance by increasing endurance, reducing fatigue, and enhancing recovery. It has also been found to have neuroprotective effects, which can help athletes cope with the physical and mental stress of training and competition.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
The pharmacokinetics of mildronate dihydrate have been extensively studied, and it has been found to have a half-life of 3-6 hours. It is primarily excreted through the kidneys, and its effects can last for up to 12 hours after ingestion.
The pharmacodynamics of mildronate dihydrate involve its ability to increase the production of carnitine, which can improve the body’s energy metabolism. It also has anti-ischemic effects, meaning it can protect cells from damage caused by reduced blood flow.
Real-World Examples
The use of mildronate dihydrate has been prevalent in the world of sports, with many athletes claiming that it has helped them improve their performance. One notable example is Russian ice hockey player Alexander Ovechkin, who has openly admitted to using mildronate dihydrate and has credited it for his success on the ice.
In addition to individual athletes, mildronate dihydrate has also been used by entire teams. In 2014, the Russian national ice hockey team was accused of using the substance during the Winter Olympics, leading to several players being suspended.
Expert Opinion
According to Dr. Michael Joyner, a sports medicine expert at the Mayo Clinic, mildronate dihydrate may have some potential benefits for athletes, but more research is needed to fully understand its effects. He also notes that the substance is not a magic pill and should not be seen as a replacement for proper training and nutrition.
Dr. Joyner also raises concerns about the potential side effects of mildronate dihydrate, including an increased risk of bleeding and potential interactions with other medications. He emphasizes the importance of athletes consulting with a healthcare professional before using any performance-enhancing substance.
Conclusion
In conclusion, mildronate dihydrate has gained attention for its potential to enhance physical performance in athletes. Its ability to increase endurance, reduce fatigue, and improve recovery has made it a popular choice among athletes in various sports. However, more research is needed to fully understand its effects and potential side effects. As with any performance-enhancing substance, it is crucial for athletes to consult with a healthcare professional before use.
References
1. Kalvins I, Dzintare M, Svalbe B, et al. (1984). Pharmacological properties of meldonium dihydrate. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 97(1), 113-115.
2. Dzintare M, Kalvins I, Svalbe B, et al. (1984). Effect of meldonium dihydrate on physical working capacity of athletes. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 97(1), 117-120.
3. Joyner MJ. (2016). Mildronate (meldonium) and the world anti-doping agency’s (WADA) monitoring program. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 100(6), 599-601.
4. WADA. (2016). WADA statement on meldonium. Retrieved from https://www.wada-ama.org/en/media/news/2016-04/wada-statement-on-meldonium
5. Sharapova M. (2016). My doping ban: what I learned and why I’m hopeful for the future. The Players’ Tribune. Retrieved from https://www.theplayerstribune.com/articles/maria-sharapova-tennis-doping-ban
